功效作用 Efficacy and Functions
乳汁，利小便，活血行瘀。
Promotes lactation, promotes urination, and activates blood circulation to remove blood stasis.
主治 Indications
乳汁不通，小便不利，跌打损伤，瘀肿疼痛，阴囊肿痛。
Insufficient lactation, difficult urination, injuries from falls, bruises with swelling and pain, and painful swelling in the scrotum.
用法用量 Dosage and Administration
内服：煎汤，6-15g；或研末，每服3g。外用：适量，研末涂擦；或煎水熏洗。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g; or powder, 3g per dose. External use: Apply an appropriate amount of powder topically; or use decoction for fumigation and washing.
注意事项 Precautions
本品可降低性欲引起阳痿、健忘等，矫正药为乳香、蜂蜜。
This product may reduce libido, leading to impotence, forgetfulness, etc. Corrective agents are frankincense and honey.
药理作用 Pharmacological Actions
1、利尿作用。
2、抗心律失常作用。
Diuretic effect.
Anti-arrhythmic effect.
相关论述 Relevant Discussion
1、《食疗本草》：“悦泽人面。”
2、《纲目》：“下乳汁，通小便。治阴肿，痔漏下血，伤损作痛。”
Food Therapy Materia Medica: "Brings a healthy complexion."
Compendium of Materia Medica: "Promotes lactation, diuretic. Treats edema, hemorrhoids with bleeding, and pain from injuries."
临床应用 Clinical Application
1、治乳汁不通，①莴苣子三十枚。研细酒服。②莴苣子一合，生甘草一钱，糯米、粳米各半合。煮粥频食之。（《纲目》）③苣胜子30g，王不留行12g，漏芦9g。水煎服。（《河北中草药》）
2、治跌打损伤，用莴苣子，不拘多少，微炒研细末。每服三钱，用好酒调服。（《万病回春》接骨散）
For treating blocked milk ducts:
Take 30 lettuce seeds, grind finely and take with wine.
Take one measure of lettuce seeds, one qian of raw licorice, and half a measure each of glutinous rice and japonica rice. Cook into porridge and consume frequently. (Compendium of Materia Medica)
Take 30g of lettuce seeds, 12g of Wang Buliu Xing, and 9g of Luolu. Decoct in water and take orally. (Hebei Chinese Herbal Medicine)
For treating bruises and injuries: Use lettuce seeds, as much as needed, lightly stir-fried and ground into fine powder. Take three qian each time, mixed with good wine. (Wanbing Huichun Jiegu San)
For treating jaundice: Take one measure of lettuce seeds, grind, decoct in water, and take orally. (Yao Kecheng's Food Materia Medica)
For treating scrotal swelling: Take one measure of lettuce seeds, crush into powder, add one cup of water, boil five times, and take warm. (Compendium of Materia Medica)
For treating abscess scars where facial hair does not grow: First scrape the area with a bamboo knife, then apply a mixture of lettuce seeds and monkey ginger powder, and rub frequently. (Zhaixuan Fang)
For treating spermatorrhea: Take 9g of lettuce seeds, 6g of dodder seeds, and 9g of schisandra. Decoct in water and take orally; or grind into powder, take 3g each time, twice daily. (Qingdao Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual)
加工炮制 Processing and Preparation
采收加工：夏、秋季果实成熟时，割取地上部分，晒干，打下种子，除去杂质，贮藏于干燥通风处。
Harvesting and processing: When fruits ripen in summer and autumn, cut the aboveground parts, sun-dry, thresh out the seeds, remove impurities, and store in a dry, well-ventilated place.
药材鉴别 Medicinal Material Identification
药材性状：瘦果呈长椭圆形至卵圆形而扁，一端渐尖，另一端钝圆。长3-5mm，宽1-2mm。外表灰白色，棕褐色，黑褐色。瘦果的每一面具7-8条形成顺直纹理的纵肋，用时可搓去外皮，多搓时即呈细毛状（纤维状）。搓去外皮后，即露出棕色的种仁，富油性。气弱，味微甘。
Characteristics: The achene is flat, elongated oval to ovoid, tapering at one end and bluntly rounded at the other. 3–5mm long, 1–2mm wide. Outer surface grayish-white, brown, or dark brown. Each face has 7–8 straight longitudinal ribs. The outer coat can be rubbed off, becoming fibrous with continued rubbing. After removal, the brown oily kernel is exposed. Weak aroma, slightly sweet taste.
植物学信息 Botanical Information
植物种属：菊科莴苣属植物莴苣。
Species: Lactuca sativa, belonging to the Asteraceae family.
形态特征 Morphological Characteristics
一年生或二年生草本，高25-100cm。根垂直直伸。茎直立，单生，上部圆锥状花序分枝，全部茎枝白色。基生叶及下部茎叶大，不分裂，倒披针形、椭圆形或椭圆状倒披针形，长6-15cm，宽1.5-6.5cm，顶端急尖、短渐尖或圆形，无柄，基部心形或箭头状半抱茎，边缘波状或有细锯齿，向上的渐小，与基生叶及下部茎叶同形或披针形，圆锥花序分枝下部的叶及圆锥花序分枝上的叶极小，卵状心形，无柄，基部心形或箭头状抱茎，边缘全缘，全部叶两面无毛。头状花序多数或极多数，在茎枝顶端排成圆锥花序。总苞果期卵球形，长1.1cm，宽6mm；总苞片5层，最外层宽三角形，长约1mm，宽约2mm，外层三角形或披针形，长5-7mm，宽约2mm，中层披针形至卵状披针形，长约9mm，宽2-3mm，内层线状长椭圆形，长1cm，宽约2mm，全部总苞片顶端急尖，外面无毛。舌状小花约15枚。瘦果倒披针形，长4mm，宽1.3mm，压扁，浅褐色，每面有6-7条细脉纹，顶端急尖成细喙，喙细丝状，长约4mm，与瘦果几等长。冠毛2层，纤细，微糙毛状。花果期2-9月。
Annual or biennial herb, 25–100 cm tall. Root vertical. Stem erect, solitary, with conical panicle branching above; all stem parts white. Basal and lower stem leaves large, undivided, oblanceolate, elliptic, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 6–15 cm long, 1.5–6.5 cm wide, apex acute, shortly acuminate, or rounded, sessile, base cordate or sagittate semi-clasping, margin undulate or finely serrate; upper leaves gradually smaller, similar or lanceolate; lower and branch leaves of panicle very small, ovate-cordate, sessile, base cordate or sagittate clasping, entire margin; both leaf surfaces glabrous. Numerous capitula arranged in terminal panicles. In fruit, involucre ovoid, 1.1 cm long, 6 mm wide; phyllaries in 5 layers: outermost broadly triangular, ~1 mm × 2 mm; outer triangular or lanceolate, 5–7 mm long; middle lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, ~9 mm long, 2–3 mm wide; inner linear-oblong, 1 cm long, ~2 mm wide; all phyllaries acute, glabrous outside. About 15 ligulate florets. Achenes oblanceolate, 4 mm × 1.3 mm, flattened, light brown, 6–7 fine veins per side, apex acute into a slender beak, beak filiform, ~4 mm long, nearly equaling achene. Pappus in 2 layers, slender, slightly barbed. Flowering and fruiting from February to September.
分布区域 Distribution Area
全国各地均有栽培，亦有野生。
Cultivated throughout the country, with wild populations also present.
生长环境 Growing Environment
生于菜园或田野。
Found in vegetable gardens or fields.